I did the TGA test in the extended test menu. It took awhile, but I found one frame of one sprite that was causing the previous issue. In frame 01E4=228, I found the glitch:

All the other frames of this sprite are fine, for example 01DA=218:

However, after doing this test I played again and still didn't see the glitch on the sprite in-game. Maybe the game is not loading that glitched frame, it's just skipping it? That's the only thing I can think of.
No other glitches were found in any other sprites, thankfully.